Foot Candle Recommendations
The following selected foot-candle ranges represent the Illuminating Engineering Society’s (IES) current illuminance recommendations. Individual applications will determine exact foot-candle levels. Please refer to the IES Lighting Handbook for a more detailed evaluation or contact us now.
Industry |
Application |
Foot Candles |
Recommended |
Airplane Manufacturing | Drilling, riveting, screw fastening | 75 | High Bay |
Airplane Manufacturing | Final assembly, hangar | 100 | High Bay |
Airplane Manufacturing | Inspection | 50-200 | High Bay |
Airplane Manufacturing | Welding | 50 | High Bay |
Assembly | Rough easy seeing | 20-50 | High Bay |
Assembly | Rough difficult seeing | 50-100 | High Bay |
Assembly | Medium | 100-200 | High Bay |
Auditoriums | Social Activities | 5-10 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Auditoriums | Assembly Only | 10-20 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Auditoriums | Exhibitions | 15-25 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Automotive Manufacturing | Frame Assembly | 50 | High Bay |
Automotive Manufacturing | Body & chassis assembly | 100 | High Bay |
Automotive Manufacturing | Body parts assembly | 100 | High Bay |
Automotive Manufacturing | Final Assembly, finishing, inspecting | 200 | High Bay |
Banks | Lobby General | 10-50 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Banks | Writing Areas | 20-70 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Banks | Teller Stations, Posting & Keypunch | 50-150 | |
Barber Shop | Beauty Parlors | 50-100 | Flat Panel |
Chemical Works | Chemical Works | 30 | Vapor Tight / Hazardous |
Clothing Manufacturer | Receiving, storing, shipping, winding, measuring | 20-50 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Clothing Manufacturer | Pattern making, trimming | 50-100 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Clothing Manufacturer | Shops, Marking | 50-200 | Flat Panel / Troffer / High Bay |
Clothing Manufacturer | Cutting, Pressing | 100-500 | Flat Panel / Troffer / High Bay |
Clothing Manufacturer | Sewing, Inspection | 200-500 | Flat Panel / Troffer / High Bay |
Electrical Equipment Manufacturing | Impregnating | 20-50 | High Bay |
Electrical Equipment Manufacturing | Insulating coil winding, testing | 50-100 | High Bay |
Food Service Facility | Dining areas, cashier | 20-50 | Troffer / Recessed |
Food Service Facility | Cleaning | 10-20 | Recessed |
Food Service Facility | Dining | 5-20 | Troffer / Recessed |
Food Service Facility | Food Displays | 30-100 | Recessed |
Food Service Facility | Kitchen | 50-100 | IP65 High Bay |
Foundries | Annealing Furnaces | 20-50 | High Bay |
Foundries | Cleaning | 20-50 | High Bay |
Foundries | Core Making | 50-200 | High Bay |
Foundries | Inspection Fine | 100-200 | High Bay |
Foundries | Inspection Medium | 50-100 | High Bay |
Foundries | Molding | 50-200 | High Bay |
Foundries | Pouring, Sorting | 50-100 | High Bay / Hazardous |
Garages-Motor Vehicles | Storage | 5 | Garage |
Garages-Motor Vehicles | Parking Garage | 10 | Garage /.Strip |
Garages-Motor Vehicles | Service Garage | 10-20 | Garage |
Garages-Motor Vehicles | Entrances | 50 | High Bay |
Garages-Motor Vehicles | Repair Area | 50-100 | High Bay |
Gymnasiums | Assemblies | 10 | Flat Panel / High Bay |
Gymnasiums | General Exercise & Recreation | 30 | Flat Panel / High Bay |
Gymnasiums | Exhibitions, Matches | 50 | Flat Panel / High Bay |
Hospitals | Rooms | 10-30 | Troffer / Flat Panel |
Hospitals | Corridors | 5-30 | Troffer / Flat Panel |
Hospitals | Emergency Rooms | 50-100 | NA |
Hospitals | Operating Rooms | 100-200 | NA |
Hotels | Bathrooms | 20-50 | Recessed |
Hotels | Bedrooms for Reading | 10-20 | NA |
Hotels | Corridors, elevators and stairs | 10-20 | Recessed |
Hotels | Front Desk | 50-100 | Recessed |
Hotels | Linen Room: Sewing | 100-200 | High Bay |
Hotels | Linen Room: General | 10-20 | High Bay |
Hotels | Lobby: General Lighting | 10-20 | Recessed |
Hotels | Lobby: Reading and working areas | 20-50 | Recessed / Flat Panel |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Stock, hot top, checker, cellar, calcining | 10-30 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Building, slag pits, Stripping yard | 20 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Control platform, repairs, mixer building | 30 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Rolling mills | 30-50 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Shearing | 50 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Tin Plate | 50 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Motor Room, Machine Room | 30 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Iron & Steel Manufacturing | Inspection | 100 | UFO / Hazardous / Flood |
Library | Ordinary Reading, Stacks | 20-50 | Troffer / Flat Panel |
Library | Book Repair and Binding | 20-50 | Troffer / Flat Panel |
Library | Study & Notes, Cataloging | 20-100 | Troffer / Flat Panel |
Library | Card Files, Check Desk | 20-100 | Troffer / Flat Panel |
Laundries | Washing | 20-50 | High Bay |
Laundries | Ironing | 20-100 | High Bay |
Machine Shops | Rough Bench | 20-50 | High Bay |
Machine Shops | Medium Bench, Rough Grinding, Buffing | 50-100 | High Bay |
Machine Shops | Fine Bench and Work | 200-500 | High Bay |
Materials Handling | Loading Trucking | 10-20 | |
Materials Handling | Picking Stock Classifying | 20-50 | High Bay |
Materials Handling | Wrapping, Packing, Labeling | 20-50 | High Bay |
Offices | Accounting | 50-100 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | Audio-Visual Areas | 20-50 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | Conference Areas | 20-70 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | Corridors, Stairways | 20 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | Drafting | 50-200 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | General and Private Offices | 50-100 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | Lobbies, Lounges, & Reception Areas | 5-20 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | Mail Sorting | 50-100 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Offices | Off-set printing & duplicating areas | 20-50 | Flat Panel / Troffer / High Bay |
Offices | Spaces with VDT's | 75 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Paint Shop | Spraying, Rubbing | 20-50 | High Bay |
Paint Shop | Hand Art, Stencil | 20-50 | High Bay |
Paint Shop | Fine Hand Painting & Finishing | 50-100 | High Bay |
Paper Manufacturing | Beaters, Grinding | 20-50 | UFO |
Paper Manufacturing | Finishing, Cutting | 50-100 | UFO |
Paper Manufacturing | Hand Counting | 50-100 | UFO |
Paper Manufacturing | Paper machine reel, Inspection | 100-200 | UFO |
Paper Manufacturing | Rewinder | 100-200 | UFO |
Printing | Welding | 50 | High Bay / Flood |
Printing | Color Inspecting | 100-200 | High Bay / Flood |
Printing | Presses | 50-100 | High Bay / Flood |
Printing | Proofreading | 100-200 | High Bay / Flood |
Printing | Composing Room | 50-100 | High Bay / Flood |
Schools | Reading | 20-100 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Schools | Typing | 20-100 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Schools | Demonstrations | 100-200 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Schools | Sewing | 20-100 | Flat Panel / Troffer |
Sheet Metal Works | General | 100 | High Bay / Flood |
Sheet Metal Works | Tin Plate Inspection | 100-200 | High Bay / Flood |
Sheet Metal Works | Galvanizing, Scribing | 100-200 | High Bay / Flood |
Stores | Circulation Area Stockroom | 10-30 | Recessed |
Stores | Merchandising, Servicing | 30-100 | Recessed / Troffer |
Stores | Merchandising, Self-Servicing | 200 | Recessed / Troffer |
Textile Mills | Cotton Picking, Carding, Roving, Spinning | 50 | High Bay |
Textile Mills | Beaming & Slashing | 150 | High Bay |
Textile Mills | Drawing | 200 | High Bay |
Textile Mills | Others | 100 | High Bay |
Warehouse & Storage | Inactive | 5-10 | High Bay |
Warehouse & Storage | Active Rough Bulky | 10-20 | High Bay |
Warehouse & Storage | Active Medium | 20 | High Bay |
Warehouse & Storage | Active Fine | 20-50 | High Bay |
Welding | General | 20-50 | High Bay / Flood |
Woodworking | Sizing, planning, rough sanding, medium quality machine and bench work, gluing, veneering, cooperage | 20-50 | High Bay / Strip |
Woodworking | Fine bench and machine work, fine sanding and finishing | 50-100 | High Bay / Strip |
Woodworking | Rough sawing and bench work | 20-50 | High Bay / Strip |
What is the Illuminating Engineering Society?
The IES is a community of lighting professionals with a mission to improve life through quality of light. Established in 1906, the Illuminating Engineering Society is the recognized technical and educational authority on illumination in nearly 60 countries. Through their American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited process, they publish and maintain the Lighting Library®, with over 100 standards written by subject matter experts in their technical committees. Today, the organization has over 8,000 members worldwide, including lighting designers, engineers, architects, educators, and researchers. In this article, we'll take a closer look at the IES and its impact on the lighting industry.
The IES is a non-profit organization that aims to promote the art and science of lighting. The organization is dedicated to advancing the knowledge of lighting and providing its members with the resources they need to design, build, and install lighting systems. The IES is also responsible for developing lighting standards, guidelines, and recommended practices. These documents are used by lighting professionals to ensure that their work meets the highest standards of quality and safety.
What does the IES Do?
The IES provides a wide range of resources and services to its members. One of the most important resources is its library of lighting-related documents. This library includes standards, recommended practices, and design guides, as well as research papers and technical reports. These documents are essential for anyone working in the lighting industry, as they provide guidance on everything from the design of lighting systems to the testing of lighting products.
The IES also offers a variety of educational programs and events. These programs include webinars, seminars, and conferences, which provide members with the opportunity to learn about the latest developments in lighting technology and design. The IES also offers certification programs for lighting professionals. These programs are designed to ensure that professionals have the knowledge and skills they need to design and install high-quality lighting systems.
The IES Mission
One of the key missions of the IES is to promote the development of energy-efficient and sustainable lighting solutions. This is achieved through the creation of standards, guidelines, and recommendations that help designers and engineers create lighting systems that are both effective and environmentally friendly.
One of the most important contributions of the IES to the field of lighting design is the publication of the Illuminating Engineering Society Handbook. This comprehensive resource is considered the definitive guide to lighting design and is used by professionals around the world. The Handbook covers topics such as lighting terminology, lighting design principles, lighting calculations, and lighting system maintenance.
In addition to the Handbook, the IES also publishes a number of other resources designed to help professionals stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices in the field of lighting design. These resources include the IES Lighting Library, which contains a wealth of information on lighting science, technology, and design, and the IES Standards Library, which includes the latest industry standards and guidelines.